中国临床药学杂志

目的 调查部分医疗机构《β内酰胺类抗菌药物皮肤试验指导原则（2021年版）》的实施情况。方法 通过问卷星调查56家医疗机构头孢菌素类药物皮肤试验（皮试）的管理情况及医务人员对《β内酰胺类抗菌药物皮肤试验指导原则（2021年版）》的掌握程度。结果 回收有效问卷407份（问卷有效率100%）。《β内酰胺类抗菌药物皮肤试验指导原则（2021年版）》颁布后取消头孢菌素类药物常规皮试的医疗机构占比从17.86%提高到58.93%，仍然有32.14%的医疗机构未取消头孢菌素类药物常规皮试。医务人员对患者过敏史的甄别水平较高（占97.79%）、阳性皮试记录结果正确率较高（占96.07%）、大多数医疗机构（占96.43%）开展了严重过敏反应的抢救培训；但对头孢菌素类药物皮试适应证、皮试的意义、阳性/阴性预测值的意义、过敏性休克的抢救用药等掌握程度较低。结论 《β内酰胺类抗菌药物皮肤试验指导原则（2021年版）》实施情况不理想，医务人员对《β内酰胺类抗菌药物皮肤试验指导原则（2021年版）》的掌握程度有待提高。

AIM To investigate the implementation status of the ''guidelines for skin testing of β-lactam antibacterial drugs(2021 edition)'' in some medical institutions. METHODS A questionnaire via Questionnaire Star was used to assess the management of cephalosporin skin tests and the level of understanding among medical personnel of the "guidelines for skin testing of β-lactam antibacterial drugs(2021 Edition)'' in 56 medical institutions.RESULTS A total of 407 valid questionnaires were collected achieving a response rate of 100%. Following the issuance of the guidelines, the proportion of medical institutions that ceased performing cephalosporin skin tests increased from 17.86% to 58.93%, while 32.14% of medical institutions had not discontinued skin tests for cephalosporin drugs. Medical personnel had a high level of discernment regarding allergic history(97.79%), and a high accuracy rate in recording positive skin test results(96.07%). Furthermore, the majority of medical institutions(96.43%) provided training for the management of severe allergic reactions. However, there was a relatively low understanding of indications for cephalosporin skin tests, the significance of skin tests, the implications of positive/negative predictive values, and the medication for rescuing anaphylactic shock. CONCLUSION The implementation status of the guidelines is suboptimal. There is a need to improve the level of understanding of the guidelines among medical personnel.